The strongest correlations were observed for measures of complex tone F0 discrimination with phoneme identification in temporally gated SSN.

Correlations with phoneme identification measures were also generally higher for pitch perception measures that included amplitude and frequency roving. Correlations with phoneme identification measures were generally higher for complex tone discrimination measures than for pure tone discrimination measures. On average, cochlear implant users had 5.3 dB of masking release for consonants and 8.4 dB of masking release for vowels when measured in temporally gated SSN compared to stationary SSN.

Cochlear implant pure tone frequency discrimination thresholds ranged between 1.5 and 9.9 %, while cochlear implant complex tone F0 discrimination thresholds ranged between 2.6 and 28.5 %. Phoneme identification was measured using consonant and vowel materials in quiet, in stationary speech-shaped noise (SSN), in spectrally notched SSN, and in temporally gated SSN. The effects of amplitude and frequency roving were measured under the rationale that individuals who are robust to such perturbations would perform better on phoneme perception measures. Complex tone fundamental frequency (F0) discrimination thresholds were measured for F0s of 110, 220, and 440 Hz. Pure tone frequency discrimination thresholds were measured for frequencies of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. This study examined correlations between pitch and phoneme perception for nine cochlear implant users and nine normal hearing listeners. Simulations with the point-biserial correlation coefficient show that for ρph ≠ 0, valid confidence intervals can be achieved with the iterated bootstrap only with medium or large sample sizes, depending on the distribution, while the standard method fails even then. Simulation results with the iterated bootstrap will be shown, which clearly demonstrate the ability of this bootstrap method to induce valid confidence intervals under all of the above mentioned conditions not only for ρ, but also for the difference of two correlation coefficients and the squared correlation coefficient. Some of the authors call into question the ability of any bootstrap methods of valid confidence intervals or acceptance regions for testing hypotheses about ρ under these conditions.

The overall result was that with non-normal (especially skewed) data, ρ ≠ 0 and small and medium sample sizes, bootstrap methods show poor coverage accuracy.

Several articles in the field of psychology have shown simulation results with the bootstrap-percentile method and variants for the (Pearson) correlation coefficient.

Korelasi serial dengan spss